Biological functions and clinical implications of the CMPK2 across multisystemic diseases

Cytidine/Uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) is a crucial enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of nucleotides, specifically converting cytidine monophosphate (CMP) and uridine monophosphate (UMP) into their respective diphosphates, known as cytidine diphosphate (CDP) and uridine diphosphate (UDP). Recent studies have demonstrated that CMPK2 plays a pivotal role in multiple pathophysiological processes, such as cellular nucleotide metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammatory response. Dysregulation of CMPK2 has been implicated in a variety of pathologies, including viral infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Despite its biological significance and interventive potential, knowledge gaps remain with respect to CMPK2, in particular, the precise molecular mechanism and mechanical basis through which it contributes to the onset and progression of underlying diseases. In this regard, this narrative review aims to provide an overview concerning the biological functions of CMPK2, shed light on its involvement in disease pathogenesis alongside clinical relevance, and ultimately highlight potential therapeutic strategies to target CMPK2 across multisystemic disorders.