Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Enhancing Neurogenesis and Functional Recovery

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious neurological disease, characterized by a high incidence rate, a high mortality rate, and long-term neurological dysfunction. Due to the complexity of the pathological mechanism, traditional treatment methods, including surgical intervention and drug therapy, are limited in repairing nerve damage and restoring function. It is necessary to explore innovative treatment strategies. Here, we propose three different pathophysiological stages of ICH, namely, primary injury, secondary injury, and chronic remodeling, and comprehensively discuss the precise targeted treatment of each stage according to the different pathological characteristics. Recent advances in regenerative medicine offer tremendous potential for neurological recovery. This review deeply discusses the emerging biomedical strategies for treating ICH through the integration of cell therapy, intelligent biomaterial platforms, and neuroelectronic interfaces. Furthermore, this review outlines the key clinical translation pathways for emerging therapeutic approaches. By using advanced biomarkers to stratify patients, optimizing combined treatment strategies and overcoming regulatory challenges are of great significance for accelerating the transition of these technologies into clinical practice. This review aims to provide a new perspective for the precise treatment of ICH to improve the neurological prognosis of patients by comprehensively discussing the current research progress and future development directions.