Rhizosphere microbial diversity and functional roles in tea cultivars: insights from high-throughput sequencing and functional isolates

Rhizosphere microorganisms play a significant role in influencing the growth and quality of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). However, the complex mechanisms underlying the interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and tea plants require further investigation. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing and the isolation of functional rhizosphere microorganisms to examine variations in rhizosphere microbial diversity and functional characteristics among five distinct tea cultivars: Camellia sinensis cv. Wuniuzao, Fudingdahao, Fuyunliuhao, Jinxuan, and Fudingdabai, each recognized for its unique qualities and adaptability. Our results revealed significant differences in the community diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms among the different tea cultivars. The phylum Mucoromycota may exert a notable influence on the growth of cultivars Wuniuzao, Fudingdahao, and Fuyunliuhao through metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism. Specifically, Serratia spp. and Enterobacter spp. which produce higher levels of IAA and were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of cultivars Wuniuzao and Fudingdahao, may play a critical role in promoting tea plant growth and development. Additionally, bacteria from the phylum Acidobacteriota may also contribute significantly to tea plant growth. These findings provide valuable insights into the roles of rhizosphere microorganisms in influencing the growth and quality of tea plants, offering a foundation for further exploration of microbial-assisted strategies to enhance tea cultivation.