Iron foam-derived nickel–iron hydroxide nanosheets via solution etching as robust catalysts for alkaline seawater oxidation

/FF electrode demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline seawater, achieving industrially relevant current densities at minimal overpotentials while maintaining outstanding long-term stability. This groundbreaking methodology not only establishes a scalable and energy-efficient paradigm for the design of cost-effective electrocatalysts but also paves the way for sustainable hydrogen production through seawater electrolysis, thereby addressing critical challenges in renewable energy technologies.