Flavonoids in Metabolic Disease: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

ABSTRACT Flavonoids, natural bioactive compounds found in plants, are increasingly recognized for their potential to manage metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Their robust antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory capabilities enhance their therapeutic prospects. This narrative review thoroughly examines the mechanisms of flavonoids in combating metabolic diseases, highlighting their effects on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, hepatic fat deposition, and chronic inflammation. Evidence was obtained from literature published through searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase using keywords related to flavonoids and metabolic dysregulation. Derived from traditional Chinese medicine, these monomers improve insulin sensitivity, enhance fatty acid oxidation, decrease lipogenesis, and curb inflammatory responses via NF‐κB and JAK/STAT pathways by activating key regulators like AMPK, SIRT1, PPAR‐γ, and Nrf2. Additionally, flavonoids contribute to metabolic stability by influencing the gut microbiota, elevating short‐chain fatty acid levels, and bolstering intestinal barrier integrity. Despite extensive research, the molecular targets, bioavailability, optimal dosing, and long‐term safety of flavonoids remain insufficiently defined. Continued in‐depth research is essential to facilitate their clinical application in preventing and treating metabolic diseases, while proposing innovative concepts for advancing natural products.