Biomass-derived carbon applications in the field of supercapacitors: Progress and prospects

In response to the escalating threats posed by climate change and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the pursuit of renewable energy sources and efficient energy storage technologies has become imperative. This review article focuses on the innovative application of biomass-derived carbon within the realm of supercapacitors, shedding light on the challenges, progress, and prospects in this burgeoning field. Biomass, being both sustainable and abundant, presents a promising pathway for the generation of carbon-based materials due to its inherent renewability and carbon neutrality. The utilization of biomass-derived carbon as electrode materials in supercapacitors underscores a critical advancement towards high-performance, eco-friendly, and cost-effective energy storage solutions. We delve into the diverse microstructures of carbon derived from various biomass sources, the methodologies of carbonization and activation, and the consequential effects of doping with different elements to enhance performance. Furthermore, this review meticulously examines the pivotal roles played by pore structure composition and distribution in influencing the energy storage and discharge capacities of supercapacitors. By analyzing recent advancements and synthesizing insights from current research, this article not only encapsulates the significant strides made in the applications of biomass-derived carbon but also identifies the pressing challenges that demand attention. In doing so, it offers a comprehensive overview that not only guides future research directions but also significantly contributes to the advancement of sustainable energy storage technologies, essential for tackling the global energy crisis and reducing environmental impacts.