Hericium erinaceus is an edible mushroom used in medicine since ancient times. Its main neuroprotective metabolites: hericenones and erinacines, wish to stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis. The biomolecules of mushrooms are related to neurogenesis, antidepressant and anxiolytic activities, improving cognitive functions and slowing down neurodegenerative diseases; thus, its applications and therapeutic treatments are promising.