Development of electroactive materials-based immunosensor towards early-stage cancer detection

To increase the survival rate of cancer, the sensitivity and stability of immunosensor in the early-stage cancer diagnosis can be furtherly enhanced with the development of electroactive biomaterials due to their high electron-transfer ability as the transducer component. Herein, we systematically summarize the principle and recent advances in mainstream immunosensor based on electroactive materials, including electrochemical immunosensor, optical immunosensor, and piezoelectric immunosensor. We specifically highlight the fabrication, architecture, and signal-amplified mechanism of electroactive materials and the application of designed immunosensor in the detection of diverse cancer biomarkers. Finally, the review provides perspectives on challenges and future development of immunosensor in clinical applications. There is no doubt that the electroactive materials-based immunosensor will realize high-sensitivity, high-selectivity, and high-stability early-stage cancer detection in the near future.