Multilayered Fe3O4@(ZIF-8)3 combined with a computer-vision-enhanced immunosensor for chloramphenicol enrichment and detection

The misuse and overuse of chloramphenicol poses severe threats to food safety and human health. In this work, we developed a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) pretreatment material coated with a multilayered metal–organic framework (MOF), Fe3O4@(ZIF-8)3, for the separation and enrichment of chloramphenicol from fish. Furthermore, we designed an artificial-intelligence-enhanced single microsphere immunosensor. The inherent ultra-high porosity of the MOF and the multilayer assembly strategy allowed for efficient chloramphenicol enrichment (4.51 mg/g within 20 min). Notably, Fe3O4@(ZIF-8)3 exhibits a 39.20% increase in adsorption capacity compared to Fe3O4@ZIF-8. Leveraging the remarkable decoding abilities of artificial intelligence, we achieved the highly sensitive detection of chloramphenicol using a straightforward procedure without the need for specialized equipment, obtaining a notably low detection limit of 46.42 pM. Furthermore, the assay was successfully employed to detect chloramphenicol in fish samples with high accuracy. The developed immunosensor offers a robust point-of-care testing tool for safeguarding food safety and public health. Chloramphenicol is an efficient, low-cost broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been widely used in animal husbandry and aquaculture. However, chloramphenicol is stable in nature and difficult to degrade under natural conditions, which will have adverse effects on ecological cycles and human health. Simple and rapid chloramphenicol detection method is one of the main ways to reduce the harm of chloramphenicol. This study uses ZIF-8 and millimeter polystyrene microsphere immunosensors, combined with mobile phone photography for signal readout, to achieve the removal and quantitative detection of chloramphenicol in fish samples.