Mapping ADHD Heterogeneity and Biotypes by Topological Deviations in Morphometric Similarity Networks

Results of this case-control study reveal that the integration of normative modeling with semisupervised clustering provided both dimensional and categorical insights into ADHD heterogeneity, identifying 3 distinct ADHD biotypes with unique clinical-neural profiles that advance the understanding of ADHD's neurobiological complexity and lay the groundwork for personalized management.