Thermoelectric Gel Electronics for Self‐Powered Wearable Physiological Monitoring

ABSTRACT Continuous, long‐term, and real‐time physiological monitoring is vital for early disease diagnosis and health status assessment. However, conventional wearable monitoring devices are often mechanically rigid and rely on external power sources, leading to poor mechanical compatibility with human tissues, limited wearing comfort, and frequent maintenance, severely restricting their large‐scale application. Self‐powered thermoelectric gels have emerged as a promising materials platform for upgrading wearable physiological monitoring by integrating energy harvesting, sensing, and bio‐interface compatibility. This review summarizes recent advances in thermoelectric gels for healthcare, with a focus on energy conversion mechanisms, device composition, and key properties for wearable physiological monitoring. Representative applications in monitoring body temperature, respiration, pulse, and motion, as well as extended applications in targeted therapy and wound healing monitoring, are discussed. Finally, the bottlenecks of thermoelectric gels in practical applications are critically analyzed, and future research directions toward preventive medicine and personalized health management are outlined.