Epigenetics of sarcopenia: Insights into mechanisms and interventions for healthy muscle aging

Aging frequently correlates with the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, a condition termed sarcopenia. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone alterations, and microRNA regulation, critically influence gene expression changes throughout aging. This review elucidates molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic alterations in aging skeletal muscle and their functional consequences. We elucidate how shifts in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA profiles contribute to muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Furthermore, we examine emerging therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic pathways to mitigate age-related muscle deterioration. A deeper understanding of these epigenetic processes could facilitate the development of interventions to promote healthier aging and improve muscle function in older adults. A comprehensive understanding of these processes will guide therapeutic strategies aimed at improving elderly muscle health.