Deuterium MR Spectroscopy and Imaging in Human at 5 T Using a Compact and Pluggable X‐Nuclei Imaging Platform

ABSTRACT Purpose Deuterium MRSI is a promising clinical approach for quantifying metabolic activity in human. However, DMRSI is highly demanding for higher field (> 3 T) for better SNR and spectral resolution. This study aimed to develop a movable, compact, and pluggable multi‐nuclei imaging (X‐imaging) platform based upon a clinically approved proton‐only 5 T system, and demonstrate its applicability in deuterium MRS/MRSI in human at 5 T. Methods The X‐imaging platform integrates a broadband spectrometer and RF amplifier to enable the signal excitation and acquisition of X‐nuclei in a wide frequency range. Pulse sequences were adapted and implemented by two synchronized parts, with signal excitation and reception controlled by the X‐imaging platform, and spatial encoding gradient controlled by the 5 T system. Results Deuterium MRSI was successfully acquired in human at 5 T for the first time, using this imaging platform. Phantom results demonstrated the accurate quantification of metabolites. In a pilot volunteer study, water and lipid peaks were clearly distinguished in the calf using a chemical shift imaging sequence. In another volunteer study, dynamic changes of metabolites were obtained in an AD patient and a healthy volunteer after oral intake of deuterated glucose. Conclusion Results demonstrate the feasibility of conducting clinical applications using this X‐imaging platform at 5 T for deuterium MRS/MRSI, paving the way for further exploration of its diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring potentials.