Synthesis and application of graphene-based sensors in biology: a review

Biosensors are gaining interest in biomedical and environmental sciences. In particular, graphene-based biosensors are promising due to the unique properties of graphene. Here we review the synthesis, characterization, and applications of graphene in enzymatic sensors, immunosensors, DNA sensors, and wearable sensors. Graphene displays advantages such as biocompatibility and oxygenated functional groups that enable chemical functionalization to form composites with metals. We discuss sensor reproducibility, detection limits, sensitivity, multi-targets, and portability.