差速器(机械装置)
参考价格
数学优化
数理经济学
常量(计算机编程)
最优化问题
最优控制
时间范围
经济
数学
计算机科学
应用数学
微观经济学
工程类
航空航天工程
程序设计语言
作者
Gadi Fibich,Arieh Gavious,Oded Lowengart
出处
期刊:Operations Research
[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]
日期:2003-09-01
卷期号:51 (5): 721-734
被引量:161
标识
DOI:10.1287/opre.51.5.721.16758
摘要
Models in marketing with asymmetric reference effects lead to nonsmooth optimization problems and differential games which cannot be solved using standard methods. In this study, we introduce a new method for calculating explicitly optimal strategies, open-loop equilibria, and closed-loop equilibria of such nonsmooth problems. Application of this method to the case of asymmetric reference-price effects with loss-aversive consumers leads to the following conclusions: (1) When the planning horizon is infinite, after an introductory stage the optimal price stabilizes at a steady-state price, which is slightly below the optimal price in the absence of reference-price effects. (2) The optimal strategy is the same as in the symmetric case, but with the loss parameter determined by the initial reference-price. (3) Competition does not change the qualitative behavior of the optimal strategy. (4) Adopting an appropriate constant-price strategy results in a minute decline in profits.
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