Mass flows and removal of eight bisphenol analogs, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its derivatives in two wastewater treatment plants in New York State, USA

Despite high production and usage of bisphenols including bisphenol A (BPA) as well as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its derivatives (BADGEs), little is known about the occurrence and fate of these substances in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the U.S. In this study, we investigated the occurrence, removal, mass flows, and fate of eight bisphenol analogues and six BADGEs based on the concentrations measured in influent, primary effluent, final effluent, and sludge from two WWTPs (WWTPA and WWTPB) in the Albany area of New York State, USA. BPA, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and BADGE·2H2O were the predominant compounds found in influents of both WWTPs, at respective geometric mean (GM) concentrations of 90.0, 90.2, 31.2, and 6.48 ng/L in WWTPA, and 53.3,