Interaction of glucose and phytohormone signaling in plants

Energy acts as a primary prerequisite for plant growth like all the other organisms. Soluble sugars function in providing enough supply of nutrients which further helps in building macromolecules and energy to carry out specific and coordinated development. Sugars functions as nutrient as well as signaling molecule to promote cell division and differentiation in plants. Intriguingly, glucose has emerged as a crucial signaling molecule where hexokinase1 acts as the conserved glucose sensor. On the molecular scale, an extensive crosstalk between glucose and phytohormone signaling has been observed where glucose signals trigger multiple hexokinase1-dependent as well as hexokinase1-independent pathways to mediate diverse developmental, physiological and molecular mechanisms. Taken together, these findings this review focused on the glucose crosstalk with several classical plant hormonal-signaling pathways and the crucial role of hexokinase1 in modulating plant physiological processes.