A subdivision,the marginal division ,with special morphology and function was discovered in the striatum of the rat and cat brain.The striatum of the monkey was studied with immunocytochemistry and neuron staining methods.A layer of fusiform neurons was observed at the caudomedial border of the striatum.AChE,substance P,enkephaline and CCK immunoreactive fibers,terminals and neurons were much more darkly stained in this area than the rest of the striatum.The location,morphology and immunoreactivities of this area are very similar to those of the marginal division in the striatum of the rat and cat brain.The marginal division is also proved existing in the monkey striatum.It is considered that the marginal division is an universal structure in the mammalian striatum.