Investigation Advancements of IFN Signal Pathway and Negatively Regulating Factors

The antiviral effect of Interferon is possibly through binding to specificity receptors on cytoplasmic membrane,initiating cascade process of signal amplification.Signal then migrates to the nucleus where regulation gene express a set of antiviral protein.JAK-STAT signal pathway is the classical one in Interferon signal pathway.The families of negative regulators regulate Interferon signal transduction to inhibit antiviral protein expression.Three negative regulatory factor families have been confirmed:SOCS,PTP and PIAS.Overexpression of SOCS proteins inhibits the JAK-STAT pathway.SOCS proteins and SHP-1 are important elements in a classic negative feedback loop that regulating JAK-STAT signal transduction.Different from SOCS and SHP-1,PIAS proteins do not act to form a negative feedback loop,but rather may act like a buffer,titrating the amount of activated STATs that is available within particular cells following cytokine stimulation.