Evaluation of Water Resource Utilization in He′nan Province Based on Water Footprint Theory

The water footprint can measure the efficiency of regional water resources from the point of view in amount and patterns of human product consumption.In recent years,water resources shortage in He′nan Province has been intensified.Based on the theory of water footprint,water footprint calculation results in structure,benefit and ecological safety were evaluated by M-K verification and hierarchical clustering method from temporal and spatial sequence so that policy makers have a clear understanding of water resources utilization in He′nan.The results showed that:water footprint in He′nan Province showed an increasing trend,water footprint in 2009 was 1.382×1011 m3,additionly,the abrupt change points of which occuured in 2006;the internal water footprint played a decisive role in water footprint growth;water footprint growth had been beyond the water resources load so that water resources were over exploited seriously from 2003;consumption of total water resources was increasing,at the same time,efficiency of water resources was also improved.The water footprint index spatial clustering in 2009 results showed that:efficiency of water resources in Zhumadian and Zhoukou was very low so that its water resources consumption was the largest;efficiency of water resources in Zhengzhou,Sanmenxia and Luoyang was larger;local water resources in Zhumadian and Shangqiu are highly depended;water resources in Luohe and Xuchang were over exploited seriously.In order to change the present situation of water resources in He′nan Province,rational allocation and efficiency of water resources need to be strengthened.