The development of polyimide-based carbon membranes for gas separation was introduced in this paper.By summarizing the present achievements obtained on the aspect of carbon membranes derived from polyimide,it is confirmed that carbon membranes with high gas separation performance can be prepared by adopting the optimum conditions,i.e.molecular chemical structure,membrane formation methods,carbonization conditions and modification.Finally the author pointed out the existing immediate challenges faced by current polyimide-based carbon membranes for gas separation,and proposed the feasible resolutions of the challenges and the evolution of polyimide-based carbon membranes for gas separation.