Mixed infection withLibyostrongylus dentatusandLibyostrongylus douglassiiinduces a heterophilic inflammatory infiltrate in the proventriculus of ostriches

Libyostrongylus dentatus and Libyostrongylus douglassii are haematophagous nematodes found in the proventriculus and the ventriculus of ostriches. Pathological damage leading to bird death has been attributed to L. douglassii. However, histopathology of the mixed infection has not been reported. The aim of the present work was to characterize the cellular inflammatory infiltrate found in the proventriculus of ostriches with a mixed infection. Analysis of the collected nematodes confirmed a mixed infection in the proventriculus of examined birds. Histopathological examination of the proventriculus showed an inflammatory infiltrate composed of granular cells in close proximity to the nematodes. The granulocyte infiltrate was composed mainly of heterophils identified by the lack of peroxidase and presence of fusiform granules.