Longitudinal Relationships of Circulating Reproductive Hormone With Functional Disability, Muscle Mass, and Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project

Low T, E2, and E1 were significantly associated with prospective functional decline over 2 years. This relationship was no longer significant when muscle mass or strength were added, suggesting that the hormonal associations are mediated through their sequential effect on muscle mass and strength.