Palladium-Catalyzed Transformations of Alkyl C–H Bonds

This Review summarizes the advancements in Pd-catalyzed C(sp 3 )–H activation via various redox manifolds, including Pd(0)/Pd(II), Pd(II)/Pd(IV), and Pd(II)/Pd(0). While few examples have been reported in the activation of alkane C–H bonds, many C(sp 3 )–H activation/C–C and C–heteroatom bond forming reactions have been developed by the use of directing group strategies to control regioselectivity and build structural patterns for synthetic chemistry. A number of mono- and bidentate ligands have also proven to be effective for accelerating C(sp 3 )–H activation directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, which provides great opportunities to control reactivity and selectivity (including enantioselectivity) in Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions.