电解质
电极
透射电子显微镜
材料科学
电化学
相间
电池(电)
金属
化学工程
无机化学
纳米技术
化学
冶金
量子力学
生物
物理
工程类
遗传学
物理化学
功率(物理)
作者
Bing Han,Ye Zou,Zhen Zhang,Xuming Yang,Xiaobo Shi,Hong Meng,Hong Wang,Kang Xu,Yonghong Deng,Meng Gu
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-23368-6
摘要
Abstract Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is a valuable tool recently proposed to investigate battery electrodes. Despite being employed for Li-based battery materials, cryo-TEM measurements for Na-based electrochemical energy storage systems are not commonly reported. In particular, elucidating the chemical and morphological behavior of the Na-metal electrode in contact with a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solution could provide useful insights that may lead to a better understanding of metal cells during operation. Here, using cryo-TEM, we investigate the effect of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure of a Na-metal electrode. Without FEC, the NaPF 6 -containing carbonate-based electrolyte reacts with the metal electrode to produce an unstable SEI, rich in Na 2 CO 3 and Na 3 PO 4 , which constantly consumes the sodium reservoir of the cell during cycling. When FEC is used, the Na-metal electrode forms a multilayer SEI structure comprising an outer NaF-rich amorphous phase and an inner Na 3 PO 4 phase. This layered structure stabilizes the SEI and prevents further reactions between the electrolyte and the Na metal.
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