废水
海水淡化
材料科学
膜
膜蒸馏
化学工程
膜污染
结垢
环境工程
环境科学
化学
生物化学
工程类
作者
Wenke Xie,Jiangjiang Duan,Jia Li,Bei Qi,Rong Liu,Benhai Yu,Hui Wang,Xinyan Zhuang,Ming Xu,Jun Zhou
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202100141
摘要
Abstract Zero liquid discharge (ZLD), which maximizes water recovery and eliminates environmental impact, is an urgent wastewater management strategy for alleviating freshwater shortage. However, because of the high concentration of salts and broad‐spectrum foulants in wastewater, a huge challenge for ZLD is lack of a robust membrane‐based desalination technology that enables direct wastewater recovery without costly pretreatment processes. Here, a paradigm‐shift membrane distillation (MD) strategy is presented, wherein the traditional hydrophobic porous membrane is replaced with a hydrophilic nonporous charge‐gradient hydrogel (CGH) membrane that possesses hypersaline tolerance, fouling/scaling‐free properties, and negligible vapor transfer resistance inside the membrane, simultaneously. Therefore, the CGH‐based MD with high water flux enables direct desalination of hypersaline wastewater (130 g L ‐1 ) containing broad‐spectrum foulants (500 mg L ‐1 ) during continuous long‐term operation (200 h), and this technology paves a promising way to direct ZLD for wastewater management.
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