甲状腺
生物
激素
形态发生
内分泌学
内分泌系统
滤泡细胞
内科学
内分泌腺
先天性甲状腺功能减退
医学
遗传学
基因
作者
Mikael Nilsson,Henrik Fagman
出处
期刊:Development
[The Company of Biologists]
日期:2017-06-15
卷期号:144 (12): 2123-2140
被引量:185
摘要
Thyroid hormones are crucial for organismal development and homeostasis. In humans, untreated congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid agenesis inevitably leads to cretinism, which comprises irreversible brain dysfunction and dwarfism. Elucidating how the thyroid gland - the only source of thyroid hormones in the body - develops is thus key for understanding and treating thyroid dysgenesis, and for generating thyroid cells in vitro that might be used for cell-based therapies. Here, we review the principal mechanisms involved in thyroid organogenesis and functional differentiation, highlighting how the thyroid forerunner evolved from the endostyle in protochordates to the endocrine gland found in vertebrates. New findings on the specification and fate decisions of thyroid progenitors, and the morphogenesis of precursor cells into hormone-producing follicular units, are also discussed.
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