Factores asociados al éxito en la primera punción o canalización venosa en urgencias pediátricas

Objective: to understand the prevalence of success in the first venous puncture or catheterization at the Paediatric Emergency Unit, and to identify the factors associated with success. Methods: a transversal analytical study. The study subjects were all patients attending the Hospital Paediatric Emergency Unit (from December to February), who required peripheral vein puncture / catheterization. The primary outcome variable was the degree of success after the first venous puncture / catheterization. Factors associated with the patient and the technique were taken into account, as well as those related with the Nursing Professionals conducting it. A descriptive analysis and a bivariate analysis were conducted. All analyses were conducted with 95% Confidence Levels (P≤ 0.05). A logistical regression was conducted. There was a record of the persistent variables in the final logistical regression model, through the calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI 95%). The statistical package SPSS version 19.0 was used for analysis.Results: the study was conducted on 292 subjects: 59.6% were boys and 40.4% were girls. The mean (SD) age was 4.58 (4.60) years. The bend of the elbow prevailed over other locations (61%). In 50.3% of cases, the vein was not visible, not palpable, or both; 47.6% of cases presented factors that made the procedure difficult, mainly lack of collaboration (22.2%). Success in vein puncture / venous catheterization at first puncture was achieved in 76.4% of cases. The factors predicting success at first venous puncture or catheterization, from higher to lower odds ratio (OR), were: a) visible / palpable type of vein (vs. non-visible / non-palpable) with OR 3.691; b) lack of factors that make it difficult to conduct the procedure (vs. presence of factors that make it difficult) with OR 3.450; c) non-visible / palpable or visible / non-palpable type of vein (vs. non-visible / non-palpable) with OR 3.046.Conclusions: as an overall conclusion, we can state that there was a high degree of success after the first venous puncture or catheterization in <15-year-old patients seen at the Paediatric Emergency Unit. The factors associated with success to a higher extent were the type of vein and the lack of factors making difficult the procedure.