Μελέτη των κυριότερων βακτηριακών λοιμώξεων της τσιπούρας (Sparus aurata) και των θεραπευτικών προσεγγίσεων

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) represents one of the most commercially important species in Greek and Mediterranean aquaculture.However, intensive farming conditions have facilitated the emergence of bacterial diseases, which pose a major threat to fish welfare and cause severe economic losses.This thesis aims to review the primary bacterial infections affecting gilthead seabream, describe their clinical pathology, and evaluate modern therapeutic and preventative measures.A comprehensive literature review was conducted, utilizing recent scientific papers, textbooks on fish pathology, and official reports (e.g., FAO) regarding Mediterranean aquaculture management and chemotherapy.The study identifies Vibriosis, Photobacteriosis, Tenacibaculosis, Streptococcosis, Lactococcosis, and Aeromoniasis as the most critical bacterial threats.Outbreaks are heavily influenced by environmental triggers-such as elevated water temperatures during summer and low dissolved oxygen levels-which induce physiological stress and suppress the fish immune system.Antibiotics (including florfenicol, oxytetracycline, and amoxicillin) are commonly administered via medicated feed or bath treatments as the primary line of defense.Nevertheless, their extensive use has accelerated the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), introducing significant environmental risks and public health concerns.Conclusions: Relying solely on chemical treatments is no longer sustainable due to regulatory limits and resistance issues.Consequently, the integration of strict biosecurity protocols, optimized farm management practices to mitigate stress, and widespread vaccination programs emerge as the only viable pathway toward securing the long-term sustainability of the industry.