Transcriptomic Dissection of Maize Root System Development

RNA-Seq (RNA-Sequencing) allows for precise quantitative determination of global gene expression patterns and has therefore revolutionized transcriptome analyses in maize. In recent years, genetic analyses have identified numerous genes that control maize root system architecture and root hair elongation. In addition, RNA-Seq has been applied to dissect structure and function of individual roots. In this chapter, we summarize the current state of the transcriptomic dissection of maize root development on the level of whole roots, tissues, and individual cells. Moreover, we highlight the current knowledge of transcriptome responses of maize roots to drought stress and nutrient availability. Finally, we outline novel findings related to gene expression plasticity in primary roots of maize hybrids during the early manifestation of heterosis.