Nutritional assessment of older adults with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Aims

We aimed to screen the nutritional status of older adults with diabetes mellitus, seeking to outline the needs of this population group considering their socioeconomic status.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of 246 diabetic people aged 65–94 years in Northeastern Brazil. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic, general health and lifestyle data. The Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to screen nutritional status.

Results

Participants' mean age was 73 ± 6.4 years, and there was a predominance of women (56.5%). The mean duration of diabetes was 14.1 years (±9.6 years). Patients aged 80 years or older presented a 3.7-fold higher risk of malnutrition (p < 0.001), and those who were uneducated exhibited a 5.8-fold higher risk of malnutrition (p = 0.040). Patients with BMI of 18.6–24.9 km/m² presented a 2.2-fold higher risk of malnutrition than overweight or obese patients (p < 0.001). Nutritional status was significantly associated with coronary artery disease (p = 0.010) and stroke (p < 0.001). Malnourished patients exhibited a 2.2-fold higher occurrence of infection in the past 6 months (p = 0.017) and 2-fold higher occurrence of foot injuries (p = 0.028) than their well-nourished peers.

Conclusion

Malnutrition in older diabetic patients exacerbates underlying diseases and contributes to unfavorable prognosis, particularly in the oldest old and in individuals with low levels of education.