Castor oil‐based polyurethane–polyester nonwoven fabric composites: Mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and water sorption behavior at different temperatures

Abstract Castor oil‐based polyurethane (PU)–polyester nonwoven fabric composites were fabricated by impregnating the polyester nonwoven fabric in a composition containing castor oil and diisocyanate. The effects of different diisocyanates such as toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) on the mechanical properties have been studied for neat PU sheets and their composites with polyester nonwoven fabric. Chemical resistance of the PU composites has been assessed by exposing the specimens to different chemical environments. Percentage water absorption of composites and neat PU sheets has been determined both at room temperature and in boiling water. Both TDI‐ and HMDI‐based PU composites showed a marginal improvement in tensile strength retention at 100°C heat ageing. Water sorption studies were carried out at different temperatures, viz, 30, 50, and 70°C, based on immersion weight gain method. From the sorption results, the diffusion ( D ) and permeation ( P ) coefficients of water penetrant have been calculated. Attempts were made to estimate the empirical parameters such as n , which suggests the mode of transport (non‐Fickian), and K , a constant which depends on the structural characteristics of the polymer in addition to its interaction in boiling water. The temperature dependence of the transport coefficients has been used to estimate the activation energy parameters for diffusion ( E D ) and permeation ( E p ) processes from Arrhenius plots. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007