Copper deterioration: causes, diagnosis and risk minimisation

腐蚀铜铜水管的冲蚀腐蚀冶金阴极保护露点材料科学化学电化学电极物理物理化学气象学

作者

David M. Bastidas,Manuel Criado,S. Fajardo,V.M. La Iglesia,E. Cano,J. M. Bastidas

出处

期刊：International Materials Reviews [Taylor & Francis]
日期：2010-03-01 卷期号：55 (2): 99-127 被引量：40

标识

DOI：10.1179/095066009x12506721665257

摘要

Copper is widely used in many applications such as heat exchangers, condensers, heating and air conditioning systems, electricity, electronic circuitry and ornamental parts. This paper reviews the issue of copper corrosion in different environments and applications. Special attention is paid to the influence of relative humidity and low molecular weight carboxylic acids. These acids are present in rain, snow, clouds and particulate matter and contribute about 15-35% of rain acidity. Attention is also paid to copper corrosion originated by formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid vapours. Corrosion product layers (patina) are analysed, showing the relationship between potential and current density cathodic peaks, and models are proposed that show a proportionality factor of the dimensions of a resistor. These results are of practical importance in copper roofing applications. Before 1985, copper was almost universally considered to be a corrosion resistant conduit of potable water, and few instances of copper tube failure were reported. Where unacceptable performance was identified, the problem was usually attributed to reticulation and plumbing systems. In air conditioning applications, premature failure of copper tubing frequently occurs due to pitting corrosion after a short time in service or even during post-installation leakage tests. This type of corrosion is described in the literature as formicary corrosion, and its morphology is characterised by microscopic caverns connected by tunnels. Specimens are analysed to assess the reasons for such premature corrosion failure. Finally, procedures to mitigate copper corrosion are addressed. Pickling in dilute mineral acids (H2SO4 and HCl) is discussed as the most common method for removing oxides formed on the surface of copper based materials during mill processing and manufacturing operations. The use of corrosion inhibitors, such as immersion corrosion inhibitors and volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI), is a widespread practice to reduce copper corrosion, achieving significant delays in the corrosion process. 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href="/assist/detail?id=ekmD9n#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>30</span></div> <div>43秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718561269"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=Z6W1Nm">缥缈纲</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=551nKW#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>30</span></div> <div>43秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718561827"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=LpoWO8">今后</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=v64dmj#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>43秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718561394"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=kGLM1r#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>43秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718561758"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=8WOV58">科研通管家</a>关闭了<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nqQJKj">愉快的花卷</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=6dxeYm">文献求助</a></div> <div>43秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718560525"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxKAQm">科研通AI5</a>上传了<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=yMaRWK">应助文件</a></div> <div>44秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718559241"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=Z31D0L">李爱国</a>上传了<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=Od98aA">应助文件</a></div> <div>45秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718557432"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=ZGmdz4">123456</a>发布了新的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=P89pav">文献求助</a><span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>20</span></div> <div>47秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718556641"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=Z7W3Gy">木子</a>发布了新的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=lmZWQ4">文献求助</a><span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>48秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718555392"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=Z6GdDm">可爱的函函</a>的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=Gk9Zny#assist-timeline">应助</a>被<a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nvqDYv">1zzz</a>采纳，获得<span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>49秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718555392"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=nxVVq7">欣喜翠丝</a>发布了新的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=Od98aA">文献求助</a><span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>49秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718554735"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=LpOP28">iwsaml</a>发布了新的<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=yMaRWK">文献求助</a><span class="point"><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>10</span></div> <div>50秒前</div> </dd> <dd id="1746718552779"> <div><a class="badge name" href="/user/home?id=LOK9v2">Ava</a>上传了<a class="badge assist" href="/assist/detail?id=ekKea6">应助文件</a></div> <div>52秒前</div> </dd> </div> </dl> <dl class="fly-panel fly-list-one hot-assist"> <dt class="fly-panel-title">高分求助中 <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i></dt> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=M4RjV1">Les Mantodea de Guyane Insecta, Polyneoptera</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>2500</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=wBAye5">Mobilization, center-periphery structures and nation-building</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>600</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=yMaMQK">Introduction to Strong Mixing Conditions Volumes 1-3</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>500</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=P8RYXj">Technologies supporting mass customization of apparel: A pilot project</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>450</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=M4mn4D">China—Art—Modernity: A Critical Introduction to Chinese Visual Expression from the Beginning of the Twentieth Century to the Present Day</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>430</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=yMaVya">Multichannel rotary joints-How they work</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>400</span> </dd> <dd> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ablesci.com/assist/detail?id=NAmVMD">Tip60 complex regulates eggshell formation and oviposition in the white-backed planthopper, providing effective targets for pest control</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>400</span> </dd> </dl> <dl class="fly-panel fly-list-one hot-fields"> <dt class="fly-panel-title">热门求助领域 <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-note"></i>（近24小时）</dt> <div class="hot-fields-content"> <span title="Chemistry 热度：★★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">化学</span> <span title="Materials science 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">材料科学</span> <span title="Medicine 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">医学</span> <span title="Biology 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">生物</span> <span title="Engineering 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">工程类</span> <span title="Organic chemistry 热度：★★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">有机化学</span> <span title="Physics 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">物理</span> <span title="Biochemistry 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">生物化学</span> <span title="Nanotechnology 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">纳米技术</span> <span title="Computer science 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">计算机科学</span> <span title="Chemical engineering 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">化学工程</span> <span title="Internal medicine 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">内科学</span> <span title="Composite material 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">复合材料</span> <span title="Physical chemistry 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">物理化学</span> <span title="Electrode 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">电极</span> <span title="Genetics 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">遗传学</span> <span title="Quantum mechanics 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">量子力学</span> <span title="Gene 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">基因</span> <span title="Metallurgy 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">冶金</span> <span title="Catalysis 热度：★" class="hot-fields-item layui-badge-rim">催化作用</span> </div> </dl> <dl class="fly-panel fly-list-one hot-post"> <dt class="fly-panel-title">热门帖子 <i class="layui-icon layui-icon-dialogue"></i></dt> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=9VPm4b" target="_blank"><span style="color:#00F; font-weight:bold; font-size: 14px;"> 关注 <i style="color:#07C160;" class="layui-icon layui-icon-login-wechat"></i> 科研通微信公众号，转发送积分 <i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i></span></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 3795398</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=Pb63Qj" target="_blank"><span style="color:#F00; font-weight:bold; font-size: 14px;">求助须知：如何正确求助？哪些是违规求助？</span></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 3340392</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=NQKd7P" target="_blank"><font style="color:#c021df; font-weight:bold;font-size:18px !important">关于积分的说明</font></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 10300052</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=P7j5Qn" target="_blank"><font style="color:#00f; font-weight:bold;font-size:16px !important">捐赠科研通</font></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 3056907</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=9VP4Vw" target="_blank">什么是DOI，文献DOI怎么找？</a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 1677307</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=Q9jRn7" target="_blank"><font style="color:#c021df; font-weight:bold;font-size:16px !important">邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动</font></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 805375</span> </dd> <dd> <a title="点击查看" href="https://www.ablesci.com/post/detail?id=1VrznV" target="_blank"><font style="color:#00f; font-weight:bold;">科研通“疑难数据库（出版商）”最低求助积分说明</font></a> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-eye"></i> 762483</span> </dd> </dl> <div class="fly-panel fly-rank fly-rank-reply hot-assisters" id="LAY_replyRank"> <h3 class="fly-panel-title"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="layui-this hot-today" title="自今天零点开始">今日热心研友</a> <span title="查看说明" href="javascript:void(0);" class="rank-tips" style="cursor: pointer"><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-about"></i></span> </h3> <div class="hot-assisters-item hot-assisters-today"> <dl>  <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=8QomWV" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 1 今日热心度 558 　- 参与应助 267 次　- 获得积分 2915"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/wV9bv_0SEU.png?v=ZjkQJPno"> <cite >科研助手6</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>267</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>2915</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=8KMgg5" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 2 今日热心度 519 　- 参与应助 64 次　- 获得积分 4552"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/af60120999d511aef000f5fb45a99dba.png?v=6nGO6xOPNn"> <cite >昏睡的蟠桃</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>64</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>4552</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=8ykk23" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 3 今日热心度 485 　- 参与应助 212 次　- 获得积分 2730"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/7ebabaea87e3f3dd1f41850afb27537e.jpeg?v=zl0ZvKaX7n"> <cite >cdercder</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>212</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>2730</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Z3NGpG" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 4 今日热心度 335 　- 参与应助 155 次　- 获得积分 1800"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/qPJD8_0I9L.png?v=RM3gBoAm"> <cite >发财暴富财富自由没我快吧嘻嘻嘻</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>155</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1800</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=nEVpr5" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 5 今日热心度 294 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 2940"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/c0d36351f0ab2ceec00cac73ae49f65a.jpg?v=yAaoOjOQXr"> <cite >SYLH</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>2940</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Z74ADM" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 6 今日热心度 279 　- 参与应助 92 次　- 获得积分 1870"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/2RAWQ_0NWA.png?v=E9PdWak3"> <cite >bc</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>92</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1870</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Z6kJwm" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 7 今日热心度 248 　- 参与应助 84 次　- 获得积分 1640"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/2j3Oq_05D3.png?v=RM3QXpOv"> <cite >iNk</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>84</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1640</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=aLj128" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 8 今日热心度 218 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 2180"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/c7cb075724b1cc1a90ef7c2a00d04b25.png?v=krNKLq4qRl"> <cite >科研小民工</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>2180</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=nvVr7v" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 9 今日热心度 218 　- 参与应助 113 次　- 获得积分 1050"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/b7affdaf3d2dd799e78a0b4e69e2d189.jpg?v=grJ2RMw07r"> <cite >jenningseastera</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>113</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1050</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=8ykxz3" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 10 今日热心度 182 　- 参与应助 74 次　- 获得积分 1080"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/5d095d9ced866e00d244eb2267d89ebc.jpg?v=KrZKGjbN3l"> <cite >kingwill</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>74</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1080</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=ZbGlk4" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 11 今日热心度 182 　- 参与应助 56 次　- 获得积分 1260"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/wa5Qp_0D5D.png?v=xAVrG4Pn"> <cite >lin</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>56</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1260</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=8DaXvk" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 12 今日热心度 171 　- 参与应助 50 次　- 获得积分 1210"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/ZWOWY_0PL7.png?v=ZwVQ34aD"> <cite >平常的毛豆</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>50</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1210</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=LOl1K2" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 13 今日热心度 147 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 1470"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/Znbel_0UCZ.png?v=xO3V00z4"> <cite >ZhouYW</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1470</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Z74bX2" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 14 今日热心度 126 　- 参与应助 60 次　- 获得积分 660"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/827b36fc139163e0a27f80e8c4ea7916.jpg?v=ElRKP37KjA"> <cite >椰子在长江送礼物</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>60</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>660</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=894erm" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 15 今日热心度 123 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 1230"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/ZG6p9_0D8A.png?v=xmJDkKBN"> <cite >遇上就这样吧</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1230</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=LkWOl9" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 16 今日热心度 120 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 1200"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/q9nLG_0Q9P.png?v=xmJDebrr"> <cite >nozero</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1200</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=Zb1aQl" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 17 今日热心度 112 　- 参与应助 40 次　- 获得积分 720"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/321366ba7550e0e7c847d07e45d0daeb.png?v=6nGOPpv5yn"> <cite >VDC</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>40</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>720</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=LmOQm5" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 18 今日热心度 109 　- 参与应助 36 次　- 获得积分 730"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/2539y_0PET.png?v=xmJbep7w"> <cite >简单的千凝</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>36</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>730</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=LMrjP0" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 19 今日热心度 103 　- 参与应助 0 次　- 获得积分 1030"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/u/c7f1df319fffb6eb8e4cddc9f933e91b.png"> <cite >back you up</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>1030</span> </div> </a> </dd> <dd > <a href="https://www.ablesci.com/user/home?id=8yXYgq" target="_blank" title="当前排名第 20 今日热心度 100 　- 参与应助 39 次　- 获得积分 610"> <img src="https://staticres.ablesci.com/avatar/sys/v1/wB7Dn_0294.png?v=xoJykAG6"> <cite >HEIKU</cite>   <div class="user-count-content" style=" margin-left: -10px; margin-right: -10px; color: #666; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; overflow: hidden"> <span><i class="layui-icon layui-icon-fire"></i>39</span> <span><i class="layui-icon iconfont-ex icon-ex-jifen"></i>610</span> </div> </a> </dd> </dl> <div style="margin-top:5px;font-size: 12px; padding-left: 20px; color: #999; ">注：热心度 = 本日应助数 + 本日被采纳获取积分÷10</div> </div> </div> <script> layui.use(['jquery','layer'], function() { var $ = layui.jquery, layer = layui.layer; $('.hot-assisters-tips').bind('click', function(){ layer.tips('每30分钟更新一次', this, { tips: 3 }); }); $('.rank-tips').bind('click', function(){ var html_content = '<div>【今日热心研友】根据热心度排名，算法如下：<br>热心度 = 本日应助数 + 本日被采纳获取的积分/10</div><div style="font-size: 12px;margin-top: 10px;">说明：该算法综合考虑我应助的数量和质量。但存在一定的滞后性，可能今天的应助到明天才被采纳，那这一部分的积分就要算到明天的排名中。</div>'; layer.open({ type: 0 ,shade: 0.1 ,btn:['关闭'] ,title: '排名介绍' ,content: html_content }); }); $('.hot-assisters .fly-panel-title a').bind('click',function () { $('.hot-assisters .fly-panel-title a').removeClass('layui-this'); $(this).addClass('layui-this'); var type = 'today'; $('.hot-assisters-item').hide(); if ($(this).hasClass('hot-today')){ type = 'today'; }else 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