On-Chip Refractive Index Sensor With Ultra-High Sensitivity Based on Sub-Wavelength Grating Racetrack Microring Resonators and Vernier Effect

An approach to optimize the sensitivity and the limit of detection of on-chip refractive index sensor is proposed and demonstrated based on sub-wavelength grating racetrack microring resonator and Vernier effect. The sub-wavelength grating waveguide can reduce the structure limitation of the light field, which is beneficial to enhancing the interaction between the photon and analyte. By optimizing the parameters of the sub-wavelength grating racetrack microring resonator, the sensitivity of the sensor could be significantly improved to 664 nm/RIU. Subsequently, capitalizing the Vernier effect, a two cascaded microring-based refractive index sensor is designed. Owing to the Vernier effect, the wavelength spacings among the overlapped peaks could be effectively amplified more than ten times, leading to a high performance. The results demonstrate that an ultra-high sensitivity of 7061 nm/RIU and a low limit of detection of 1.74 × 10 ⁻⁵ RIU. With the advantages of ultra-high sensitivity and low limit of detection, the integrated device has important value in the fields of environmental monitoring and biosensors.