Olezarsen for the Treatment of Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olezarsen (Tryngolza) in treating familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia. Data Sources: A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed from January 2022 to mid-March 2025, using keywords such as olezarsen, antisense oligonucleotide, triglyceride, hypertriglyceridemia, apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), and cardiovascular. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies assessing the pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, efficacy, or safety of olezarsen were included. Data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved package insert were also reviewed. Data Synthesis: Olezarsen is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting APOC3 mRNA, a key regulator of plasma triglyceride levels. It has been shown to significantly reduce triglyceride levels via APOC3 protein degradation. Clinical trials have demonstrated substantial reductions in triglyceride levels and APOC3, with minimal adverse events. Phase 2 and 3 trials showed consistent efficacy and safety profiles, with common adverse events including COVID-19 infection, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison to Existing Drugs: Olezarsen offers a targeted and effective treatment for FCS, addressing limitations of traditional therapies such as fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and statins. Its novel mechanism of action and once-monthly dosing regimen may improve patient adherence, providing significant advancement in FCS management. Conclusion and Relevance: Olezarsen represents a new treatment for FCS, offering a targeted approach to significantly reduce triglyceride levels. Its integration into clinical practice has the potential to transform the management of FCS; however, more studies are needed to firmly establish its role.