Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Composite Nanofibrous Membranes Prepared from Hemp Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Skin Collagen

Aquatic collagen, a natural macromolecule protein with excellent biocompatibility, has attracted attention in the field of medical materials. Compared to mammalian collagen, aquatic collagen offers unique advantages, including the absence of zoonotic disease risks and religious concerns. In this study, salmon skin collagen nanofiber membrane (GS) was prepared by electrostatic spinning. Then, skin collagen was combined with silk sericin (SS) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) to fabricate composite collagen nanofiber membrane (GF) using electrostatic spinning technology. GF membranes were further cross-linked (GFL) for use in a mouse wound healing model. The physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of GS, GF, and GFL were evaluated. FTIR analysis revealed that GFL exhibited a more stable secondary structure compared to GS and GF. DSC and TGA results indicated that GFL had the highest thermal stability, followed by GF. Cytotoxicity tests confirmed that GS, GF, and GFL were non-cytotoxic, with GF showing the highest cell viability rate of 175.23 ± 1.77%. In the wound healing model, GFL group achieved nearly complete healing by day 14 (98 ± 0.1%), compared to 76.04 ± 0.01% in the blank group. Measurement of TGF-β1 and VEGF levels in the healing tissue on day 14 indicated that the GFL group had progressed to the late stage of healing, whereas the blank group remained in the early stage. These results suggest that GFL holds significant potential as a medical biomaterial for wound healing applications.