Erecting Stable Lithium Metal Batteries: Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects

Abstract As the global energy structure transforms and renewable energy rapidly develops, rechargeable batteries are increasingly focus on high energy density, rapid charge/discharge rates, and enhanced safety performance, particularly in extreme environments. Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have emerged as a significant research area in recent years owing to high capacity and low electrochemical potential of lithium (Li). However, challenges, uncontrolled Li dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interface and separator puncture/interface incompatibility, greatly impact battery life and lead to battery failure, thus impeding commercialization. This review presents a thorough analysis of the key challenges facing stable LMBs from multiple perspectives, alongside potential regulatory strategies. The methods include Li anode, Li metal interface, solid/liquid electrolytes, separators, pressure and artificial intelligence. An in‐depth discussion on operational mechanism, advantages/drawbacks of methods is provided. Additionally, it offers a succinct overview of anticipated future trends and potential challenges. A comprehensive review of numerous documents and studies has been conducted to summarize the number of published papers and unique characteristics of corresponding strategies. This review provides valuable recommendations for the practical application of other high‐energy‐density metal batteries (Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc), thereby contributing effectively to the implementation of national strategic planning in the new energy sector.