Recent advances in nanostructured conducting polymer electrospun for application in electrochemical biosensors

Electrospinning is an affordable and flexible technique used to create intricate nanofibrous structures from different polymers. These highly adaptable electrospun nanofibers are used in many different domains, including biosensing, implants, tissue engineering as well as in drug and gene delivery. In biosensing, electrospun nanofibers offer several advantages like high surface area for the attachment of biomolecules, improving the sensitivity and effectiveness of analyte detection. Incorporating conducting polymers and metal nanoparticles into these nanofibers has become a common practice. This combination forms nano bio-composites with improved conductivity and stability, which are crucial for the development of accurate biosensing devices. Several biosensor platforms use electrospun nanofibers, including lab-on-a-chip devices, ELISA-style bioassays and point-of-care diagnostics. By adjusting the size, form, and content of the nanofibers, scientists can enhance the performance of biosensors, allowing for the label-free and real-time detection of target molecules. Moreover, electrospinning enables the creation of conductive polymer layers on biosensing electrodes, ensuring secure anchoring of receptors and facilitating electron transfer. This method offers benefits like improved conductivity, compatibility with living tissue, and long-lasting stability, contributing to the advancement of electrochemical biosensors. Recent breakthroughs in nanostructured conducting polymer electrospun materials have revolutionized the field of electrochemical biosensors. The paper highlights the remarkable composites that considerably improve biomarker sensing capabilities of several polymer types, including the polypyrrole polythiophene, polyaniline, poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate), and polycarbazole. This article emphasizes the use of electrospinning to develop nanostructured materials, showcasing advancements in electrochemical biosensors.