Sn-modified Zr-UiO-66 metal–organic frameworks for dihydroxyacetone conversion into lactic acid

hydrolysis. Sn addition leads to an increase in the acidity of the MOF and mostly depends on the nature of the Sn species rather than Sn loading. Insertion of a tin species directly into the UiO-66 structure results in an almost quantitative yield of the target products. The material retains its structure after catalysis, but the deposition of the polycondensation products on the MOF surface slightly decreases the selectivity at consecutive runs.