Exploring the mechanism of action of Phyllanthus emblica in the treatment of epilepsy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

This study explores the mechanism of Phyllanthus emblica in treating epilepsy (EP) through network pharmacology and molecular docking. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform identified the chemical composition of P emblica , Swiss ADME screened active components, and Swiss Target Prediction predicted targets. EP-related targets were identified using Gene Cards, OMIM, Drug Bank, TTD, and DisGeNET, and Venny 2.1.0 was used to find intersecting targets. Protein–protein interaction network analysis was conducted with STRING and Cytoscape. Chem 3D and Pymol were used for structural optimization and molecular docking was performed with AutoDock Tools 1.5.7 and Vina. Fifty-three active components and 126 intersecting targets were identified. Gene Ontology analysis revealed 3416 biological processes, 287 cellular components, and 457 molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways showed neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions, nitrogen metabolism, and serotonergic synapses as key pathways. Molecular docking indicated strong binding energies between P emblica core components and targets, especially 2-ethylhexyl ester with MAPK3, luteolin with SRC, and kaempferol with MAPK1. This study explores the therapeutic potential of P emblica in treating EP through network pharmacology and molecular docking. A total of 53 active components were identified, with key compounds like 2-ethylhexyl ester, phyllanthin, luteolin, and kaempferol targeting critical proteins such as SRC, AKT1, APP, MAPK3, and MAPK1. These targets are involved in pathways related to synaptic transmission, oxidative stress, and inflammation, indicating potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Gene Ontology analysis highlighted the regulation of synaptic activity, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis emphasized pathways like neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions and serotonergic synapses. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinities between active components and core targets, supporting the effectiveness of P emblica in modulating neuronal excitability and reducing neuroinflammation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application in EP management.