Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Associated Aortitis Unveiled by 18F-FDG PET/CT

Abstract In oncology, G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) is often administered to counteract chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Recent studies have highlighted a significant side effect, G-CSF–associated aortitis, with an incidence of ~0.4%. Identification of this condition’s imaging characteristics is crucial for nuclear medicine specialists, given its substantial impact on clinical decision-making. It is notably prevalent in the follow-up of gynecologic malignancies and lymphoma. We detail a case of G-CSF–related aortitis in a metastatic ovarian cancer patient, diagnosed by increased 18 F-FDG uptake in the aortic arch on PET/CT, confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT and biopsy, which regressed spontaneously in under 5 weeks without corticosteroid treatment.