Bacteria‐Targeted Combined with Photothermal/NO Nanoparticles for the Treatment and Diagnosis of MRSA Infection In Vivo

Currently, undeveloped diagnosis and delayed treatment of bacteria-infected sites in vivo not only expand the risk of tissue infection but are also a major clinical cause of multiple drug-resistant bacterial infections. Herein, an efficient nanoplatform for near-infrared (NIR)-light-controlled release and bacteria-targeted delivery of nitric oxide (NO) combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) is presented. Using maltotriose-decorated mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA-Mal) and BNN6, a smart antibacterial (B@MPDA-Mal) is developed to combine bacterial targeting, gas-controlled release, and PTT. Utilizing bacteria's unique maltodextrin transport system, B@MPDA-Mal can accurately distinguish bacterial infection from sterile inflammation and target the bacteria-infected sites for efficient drug enrichment. Moreover, NIR-light causes MPDA to generate heat, which not only effectively induces BNN6 to produce NO, but also raises the temperature to harm the bacteria further. NO/photothermal combination therapy effectively eliminates biofilm and drug-resistant bacteria. The myositis model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is established and indicates that B@MPDA-Mal can successfully eradicate inflammation and abscesses in mice. Meanwhile, magnetic resonance imaging technology is used to monitor the treatment procedure and healing outcomes. Given the aforementioned advantages, the smart antibacterial nanoplatform B@MPDA-Mal can be used as a potential therapeutic tool in the biomedical field against drug-resistant bacterial infections.