TAPP@NBs combined with GSNO to enhance the anti-liver cancer effect of sonodynamic therapy

anticancer effect of the combined treatment was examined using HepG2 and HUH7 hepatoma cell lines. Reactive oxygen species and NO were examined using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and 3-amino,4-aminomethyl-2',7'-difluorescein diacetate staining, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Ferroptosis was evidenced using glutathione and malondialdehyde assays. The cellular migratory capacity was assessed using a Transwell assay. TAPP@NBs can serve as a sonosensitizer for the SDT. GSNO serves as an NO donor under ultrasound and contributes to gas treatment, considerably increasing SDT efficacy. HCC cell proliferation and migration were considerably lower after combined SDT and NO gas therapy. Combined SDT and NO gas therapy induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in HCC cells. This paper describes a novel approach for optimizing tumor treatment.