Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Role of Resveratrol in Regulating the Intestinal Function of Megalobrama amblycephala via m6A Methylation

Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenol with lipid metabolism-regulating properties, also demonstrates remarkable efficacy in strengthening intestinal barrier integrity. In order to elucidate the mechanism by which RES ameliorates intestinal damage and lipid metabolism disturbances in Megalobrama amblycephala under a high-fat (HF) diet, a conventional diet (CON), an HF diet (HF), or an HF diet supplemented with 0.6, 3, or 6 g/kg RES (HF + 0.06%, 0.3%, or 0.6% RES) was fed to fish. After 8 weeks, RES supplementation in the HF diet significantly improved the growth performance and alleviated hepatic lipid deposition. Microbiota profiling revealed RES improved intestinal barrier function by reducing α-diversity, Actinobacteria and Bosea abundances, and enriching Firmicutes abundance. RES also maintained the integrity of the intestinal physical barrier and inhibited the inflammatory response. MeRIP-seq analysis indicated that RES modulated intestinal mRNA m6A methylation by upregulating methyltransferase-like 3 (mettl3) and downregulating fat mass and obesity-associated gene (fto) and Alk B homolog 5 (alkbh5). Combined RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq data revealed that RES alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) by upregulating the m6A methylation and gene level of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). Correlation analyses identified significant associations between intestinal microbiota composition and ERS, tight junction, and inflammation. In summary, RES ameliorates lipid dysregulation via a synergistic mechanism involving intestinal microbiota, m6A modification, ERS, barrier function, and inflammatory response.