Structure–activity relationship and antioxidant properties of walnut peptides with high intestinal absorption capacity

), along with excellent radical scavenging capacity (ABTS clearance rate reached 94.83 ± 1.39%). It significantly enhanced cellular antioxidant defense, increasing the survival rate of scopolamine-treated cells from 52.89 ± 1.36% to 70.84 ± 1.45%. Additionally, WSPSGR improved mitochondrial function while decreasing oxidative stress. WSPSGR can activate the MLCK signaling pathway and improve paracrine transport efficiency, providing a theoretical basis for the development of bioavailable walnut peptide-based antioxidant food ingredients.