Antibacterial Applications of Black and Violet Phosphorus‐Based Biomaterials

The accelerating emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has intensified the need for innovative antimicrobial strategies. Among promising candidates, black phosphorus (BP) and violet phosphorus (VP) nanosheets have garnered significant attention due to their unique 2D structure, large specific surface area, tunable bandgap, and exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review systematically discusses recent advances in the synthesis of phosphorus nanosheets, elaborates on their fundamental physical, chemical, and optical properties, and critically evaluates their biosafety profiles. Special focus is given to the multifaceted antimicrobial mechanisms of BP and VP, including physical disruption of bacterial membranes, light‐driven photothermal and photodynamic effects, and their superior capacity for efficient delivery of antibacterial agents. Additionally, composite strategies, such as polymer modification and metal doping, are highlighted that further enhance the antibacterial performance of phosphorus‐based materials. The review also explores the latest progress in clinical and preclinical applications of BP and VP nanomaterials, spanning the treatment of infectious bone defects, skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory system infections, dental and ocular infections, and sepsis. Collectively, these insights underscore the potential of phosphorus‐based nanomaterials as next‐generation antimicrobial platforms, providing both a theoretical basis and practical guidance for their further research and clinical translation in combating bacterial infections.