Influence of Soil Plug on the Seismic Response of Bucket Foundations in Liquefiable Seabed

The suction installation process for bucket foundations for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) can cause the formation of soil plug within the bucket, which can affect the seismic performance of the OWT. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the influence of soil plug on the seismic performance of OWT on bucket foundations. In this study, a comprehensive set of high-fidelity solid–fluid coupled dynamic numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the seismic response of bucket foundations with a focus on the influence of soil plug and its potential mitigation. The influence of different bucket models, seabed soil densities, seabed inclination and reinforcement types, as well as soil plug removal techniques, are investigated. The results clearly show that the existence of soil plug has a significant unfavorable influence on the seismic performance of OWT on bucket foundations, especially for wide bucket foundations in mildly inclined seabeds, and should be considered in seismic design. Reinforcement methods, such as the application of an inner compartments, outer wings and inner pile, can improve the seismic performance of OWT on bucket foundations, with the application of an inner compartment being the most effective. Soil plug removal can alleviate the negative influence of soil plug, and should be adopted when possible.