Tuning Ag quantum clusters in glass as an efficient spectral converter: From fundamental to applicable

Ag quantum clusters (Ag QCs) embedded in glasses are promising for various optoelectronic devices, but the manipulation over their aggregation states toward efficient photoluminescence (PL) is still challenging. Here, we propose two network strategies to tailor the Ag QCs aggregation and PL performance inside borate glass. Using the solubility strategy, the introduced network modifier (BaO) brings [BO3] → [BO4]− transformation and poses steric hindrance, leading to the growth of Ag QCs. Through the charge compensator strategy (Al2O3), it brings negatively charged [AlO4]− units that favor isolated Ag+ ions to meet charge balance, rendering the cluster dissociation. With further SiO2 incorporation, the borosilicate constructs a rigid network that improves the glass stability and prevents molecular motions in Ag QCs, promoting PL quantum efficiency (up to 90.55%). Based on these design principles, the glass with highly emissive and stable Ag QCs is prepared and presents potential in the spectral converter for organic solar cells.