Hospitalizations after Renal Transplantation in Children: Risk Factors, Causes, and Outcomes

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency and causes of hospitalizations in the posttransplant period of children, investigate the risk factors, and evaluate the relationship between hospitalizations and renal prognosis in the long term. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively reviewed the files of pediatric renal transplant patients, followed at least 6 months after kidney transplantation, in our center. Clinical information including age at transplantation, gender, primary disease, donor type, immuno-suppressive medication, hospitalization dates, and indications (infections and non-infectious) during follow-up period and graft outcomes was recorded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 74 children (46 males) were followed up for a median of 54 months. Among them, 69 patients (93.2%) were hospitalized 446 times. The most common cause of hospitalizations was infections (314 times, 70%). Urinary tract infections were the most important cause followed by upper respiratory tract infections. Forty (54%) patients were hospitalized 132 times (29.5%) for non-infectious reasons. The most common non-infectious reason was nonspecific graft dysfunction (19 patients, 30 times), followed by rejection (17 patients, 27 times). Younger age, use of induction therapy, and having congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) were found to be risk factors for increased hospitalization rates (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The number of hospitalizations was found to be negatively affecting the final glomerular filtration rate of transplant recipients (<i>p</i>: 0.04, <i>r</i>: –0.023). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with CAKUT, who received induction therapy, and small children were hospitalized more frequently after transplantation. Strategies to prevent hospitalizations will achieve a better graft prognosis.