Biological therapies for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: current knowledge and future perspectives

Biological therapies offer alternative treatment options for patients with refractory/relapsed HLH or who are intolerant to conventional chemotherapies. As a complement to traditional treatment, biological agents improve response rates, maintain more protracted periods of remission, and reduce treatment related toxicity. A combination of biological agents may be a promising direction for HLH treatment. However, they may induce HLH to deteriorate and even trigger HLH.